Study-unit BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL WELLBEING
| Course name | Building engineering and architecture |
|---|---|
| Study-unit Code | A001132 |
| Curriculum | Comune a tutti i curricula |
| Lecturer | Anna Laura Pisello |
| CFU | 12 |
| Course Regulation | Coorte 2022 |
| Supplied | 2024/25 |
| Supplied other course regulation | |
| Type of study-unit | Opzionale (Optional) |
| Type of learning activities | Attività formativa integrata |
| Partition |
APPLIED PHYSICS
| Code | A001130 |
|---|---|
| CFU | 6 |
| Lecturer | Anna Laura Pisello |
| Lecturers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Base |
| Area | Discipline fisico-tecniche ed impiantistiche per l'architettura |
| Sector | ING-IND/11 |
| Type of study-unit | Opzionale (Optional) |
| Language of instruction | Italian (available teaching material in English if needed by international students) |
| Contents | Knowledge and technical-quantitative capacity on the following topics: Energy, energy transfer and energy analysis. Pure substances. Closed systems. Control volumes and mass conservation. Second law of thermodynamics. Entropy. Mixtures of gas and steam, atmospheric air. Heat transmission: conduction, convection and radiation. |
| Reference texts | Notes curated by the lecturer and freely distributed to scholars, plus integration in the book Fisica tecnica ambientale, con elementi di Acustica e illuminotecnica – McGrawHill – Y. Cengel, G. Dall’ò, L. Sarto |
| Educational objectives | Knowledge and technical-quantitative capacity on the following topics: Energy, energy transfer and energy analysis. Pure substances. Closed systems. Control volumes and mass conservation. Second law of thermodynamics. Entropy. Mixtures of gas and steam, atmospheric air. Heat transmission: conduction, convection and radiation. |
| Prerequisites | Basic knowledge of maths and classic physics. |
| Teaching methods | Class lessons and exercises for applied problems |
| Other information | Availability of the lecturer by email and by appointment (on Teams or in person) |
| Learning verification modality | Written and oral exam. Application laboratory to be performed in groups. |
| Extended program | 1. Thermodynamics: Basic concepts and definitions. 2. The First Principle of Thermodynamics. 3. The Second Principle of Thermodynamics. Reversible and irreversible processes. 4. Open Systems (mass balance, energy, entropy). 5. Single-component simple systems and diagram (p, v). Liquids. 6. Saturated vapors. 7. Overheated vapors. 8. Ideal gases. 9. Real gases. 10. Thermodynamic diagrams (T, s), (h, s), (ph) and (T, h). 11. Steam power cycles. Refrigerator cycle. 12. Motion of compressible fluids. 15. Gas mixtures. 16. Perfect gas mixtures. 17. Foundations of psychrometry. 18. Heat exchange by conduction. Fourier's law. Fourier equation. 19. The heat exchange by convection. Natural convection. Forced convection. 20. Radiative heat exchange. 21. The global heat transfer coefficient. 22. The heat exchangers. The average logarithmic temperature. 23. Thermohygrometric comfort: thermohygrometric balance of the human body; the indices of comfort (direct, derivative and empirical). 24. Causes of local discomfort. 25. Comfort diagrams and normative references. 26. Indoor air quality: main pollutants; sick building syndrome; filtration systems. |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | The program aligns with various goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through a series of fundamental topics: Thermodynamics and Quality Education Understanding the basic concepts and definitions of thermodynamics (Goal 4: Quality Education) is essential for providing a solid educational foundation in science and engineering, preparing students to contribute to innovative and sustainable solutions. Energy and Efficiency Teaching the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, including the study of reversible and irreversible processes and the management of open systems with mass, energy, and entropy balances (Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), is crucial for improving energy efficiency and developing sustainable technologies. Water Resource Management and Energy Cycles Understanding single-component systems, (p,v) diagrams, and the behavior of liquids and vapors (Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy) supports sustainable water resource management and the optimization of power and refrigeration cycles, which are essential for efficient energy generation and cooling. Gas Modeling and Climate Change Analyzing ideal and real gases and gas mixtures (Goal 13: Climate Action) contributes to the modeling of atmospheric processes and the development of strategies to mitigate pollutant emissions. Optimization of Energy Processes Using thermodynamic diagrams and teaching the motion of compressible fluids (Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) are essential tools for analyzing and optimizing energy and industrial processes, improving efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. Heat Transfer and Energy Sustainability Studying heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation, including heat transfer coefficients and the use of heat exchangers (Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy), is fundamental for developing efficient energy management technologies and reducing energy consumption in industrial processes. Well-being and Environmental Quality Analyzing the thermal-hygrometric well-being of the human body, the causes of local discomfort, well-being diagrams, regulatory references, and indoor air quality and major pollutants (Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being, Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities) is essential for ensuring optimal environmental conditions, improving quality of life, and preventing diseases associated with inadequate environmental conditions. In summary, the thermodynamics program addresses a wide range of topics that are directly or indirectly related to many of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, significantly contributing to promoting clean energy, energy efficiency, industrial innovation, sustainable resource management, and human well-being. |
ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLES
| Code | A001133 |
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| CFU | 6 |
| Lecturer | Anna Laura Pisello |
| Lecturers |
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| Hours |
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| Learning activities | Affine/integrativa |
| Area | Attività formative affini o integrative |
| Sector | ING-IND/11 |
| Type of study-unit | Opzionale (Optional) |
| Language of instruction | Italian |
| Contents | THERMAL LOADS. TRADITIONAL SOURCE PLANTS. RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANTS. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION PROTOCOLS |
| Reference texts | Lecture notes by the teacher. Air conditioning and conditioning systems - Cinzia Buratti - Morlacchi publisher, 2015. (in Italian, Impianti di climatizzazione e condizionamento - Cinzia Buratti - Morlacchi editore, 2015.) |
| Educational objectives | The course provides fundamental knowledge on energy-environmental applied to construction and is aimed at the development of skills and design skills in the field of thermo-physical behavior of buildings, with a focus on the quantitative aspects of the project of efficient, comfortable and sustainable buildings and special attention to the evaluation of the quality requirements of the internal environment (thermoigrometric comfort and air quality), to guide the student towards the sizing of building-plant systems. The course consists of lectures, numerical/design exercises (which will be carried out in the classroom and/or in laboratories) and experimental exercises in real buildings being studied. The student will be called to know the main types of systems for civil construction, starting from the occupant-centered approach of the building in terms of multi-physical thermal and environmental well-being. In particular, technical and regulatory aspects related to the energy efficiency of the building system system, innovative materials for the building envelope will be studied in depth, in order to then address technological issues such as: thermal and electrical systems, the main lighting systems, systems powered by renewable energy sources (electric solar, solar thermal, low enthalpy geothermal) up to the thermal and electric storage). Dimensioning techniques will then be illustrated and implemented through the application project which will be conducted through more advanced stationary, quasi-stationary and dynamic analysis methods. The project will therefore start from the analysis of the loads and will allow the student to deal independently with the main strategies for improving energy efficiency also in light of the most recent national and European regulations, including energy and environmental certifications and in the life cycle perspective and carbon footprint. Knowledge of the bases for designing energy production plants (electrical, thermal and cooling) also powered by renewable sources (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal and biomass) and through the use of energy storage techniques. Acquisition of currently available energy and environmental certification tools and minimum environmental requirements. |
| Prerequisites | Basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. Basics of applied physics. |
| Teaching methods | Frontal lesson, practical exercises, application laboratory and project. |
| Learning verification modality | Written and oral exam (with the possibility of partial written exemption), Delivery of project documents and critical discussion. |
| Extended program | THERMAL LOADS. Internal and external design conditions and calculation of summer and winter thermal loads. Energy needs of buildings and systems. Tools and methodologies for energy saving and energy efficiency. Heating, air conditioning and conditioning systems. Plant classification: main types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of the available solutions. TRADITIONAL SOURCE PLANTS. Design criteria. Description and sizing of the main constituents. Cooling and thermal energy production systems. Heat generators: types, main characteristics and performance parameters. Refrigerating machines: operating principle, types, main characteristics and performance parameters. Heat pumps: operating principle, types, main characteristics and performance parameters. Sizing of refrigeration machines and heat generators. Combined production systems for electricity, heat and cooling. Generation and trigeneration from conventional sources (outline). RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANTS. Definition and classification of renewable energy sources. Worldwide, European and national diffusion: current scenario and development prospects. Solar power. Characteristics of solar energy. Photovoltaics: photovoltaic conversion, photovoltaic cells and modules; components and design of a photovoltaic system. Solar thermal: types of collectors and efficiencies; characteristics of the main components of a solar thermal system; sizing of systems for the production of domestic hot water and for heating integration. Thermodynamic solar: classification of concentration systems; working fluids, thermal storage tanks and sizing of a solar power plant. Wind energy: wind characteristics, frequency distribution, vertical profile; Betz theory and maximum power of a wind turbine; power coefficient, construction and control aspects; estimate of annual energy production; technical-economic analysis and environmental impact. Hydroelectric energy: estimate of the theoretical electric power that can be produced; classification and characteristics of hydroelectric plants; types of hydraulic turbines. Geothermal energy: characteristics of the subsoil and geothermal resources; heat pumps and geothermal probes: types and sizing. Energy from biomass: classification and characterization of biomasses; thermochemical processes (combustion and gasification); biochemical processes (anaerobic digestion); vegetable oil extraction; main cogeneration technologies. Energy storage: discontinuity of renewable sources, peaks of energy consumption and the concept of energy storage; sensitive, latent and thermochemical thermal storage (operating principles, basic materials and applications); electrical chemical (hydrogen), electrochemical (batteries), electrical (supercapacitors) and mechanical (flywheels, compressed air or hydroelectric basins) storage. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION. Energy efficiency in buildings: main definitions; thermal bridges, transmittance and thermo-hygrometric verification; main energy retrofit methodologies; energy certification; dynamic simulation. Environmental sustainability: life cycle analysis, main environmental certifications (type I, II and III), minimum environmental criteria (CAM). |
| Obiettivi Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile | The course is aligned with various goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, according to the following themes: Thermal Loads Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Understanding the internal and external design conditions and calculating summer and winter thermal loads are fundamental to reducing the energy needs of buildings and improving energy efficiency. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Tools and methodologies for energy savings contribute to the sustainability of buildings and installations in urban areas. Heating, Cooling, and Air Conditioning Systems Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Designing and optimizing efficient heating and cooling systems reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: The classification of systems, the choice of technologies, and the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of available solutions promote innovation and improve infrastructure efficiency. Traditional Energy Systems Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Designing and sizing thermal and refrigeration energy production systems, as well as combined electricity, thermal, and refrigeration production systems, aim to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: The use of advanced technologies and the optimization of generation and cogeneration systems contribute to the development of resilient and sustainable infrastructures. Renewable Energy Systems Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Defining and classifying renewable energy sources, as well as designing solar photovoltaic, thermal, and thermodynamic systems, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass plants, are fundamental for the transition to a sustainable energy system. Goal 13: Climate Action: Promoting the use of renewable sources helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. Energy Storage Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: The concept of energy storage is essential for managing the intermittency of renewable sources and ensuring the availability of energy during peak consumption. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: The use of energy storage technologies contributes to more efficient use of energy resources. Energy and Environmental Certification Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Energy certification of buildings and methodologies for energy retrofitting improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Life cycle analysis and major environmental certifications promote the environmental sustainability of constructions. Goal 13: Climate Action: Energy retrofitting methodologies and environmental certification help to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, contributing to climate change mitigation. In summary, the "Systems and Renewables" course addresses many topics that are directly or indirectly related to several Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, significantly contributing to the promotion of clean energy, energy efficiency, industrial innovation, urban sustainability, and climate change mitigation. |